arise out of Judaism but constitutes the full abolition of it.35 On account of its particularism, says Schleiermacher, Judaism still has an affinity with fetishism and in its relation to Christianity is on the same level as paganism.36 Hegel put Judaism, as the religion of the sublime, even below the Greek religion of beauty and the Roman religion of utility.37 Vatke and Bruno Bauer, both of them pupils of Hegel, attempted to confirm this philosophical estimate of the Old Testament by the historical